浅析大学生心理压力的现状与对策

以自编大学生心理压力调查问卷为工具,从大学生对自身心理压力的认知、大学生心理压力产生的根源、大学生心理压力缓解的途径、大学生对心理压力产生原因的认识、大学生对心理压力的归因等方面揭示大学生心理压力的现状,并提出相应的应对策略。     

心理契约：提升公共危机管理效能的支点

进入21世纪各种公共危机频繁发生,一个个痛苦的案例促使人们积极探索公共危机管理及其有效性问题。文章将心理学的专业术语——心理契约移植到公共危机管理领域,提出了危机心理契约的理论假设,阐明了危机心理契约在公共危机管理中的作用机制及其功能表现,从实践操作的层面提出了促进民众危机心理契约满足、避免危机心理契约破裂与违背,以提升政府危机管理效能的途径与方法。     

Employee Assistance Program Staffing

No abstract available for this article.     

Sustainable Caregiving? Demands Upon and Resources of Female Carers of Adults with Intellectual Disability

Female carers of adults with an intellectual disability are increasing in our communities as those with intellectual disability live into middle and old age. Twenty-seven carers between the ages of 45 and 85 years responded to questionnaires about demands, resources, and their health. Almost all were in the clinical range on the measure of psychological functioning. Demands contributed significantly to poorer functioning; however, other measures did not. The women in this study appeared to underreport the level of difficulties they experienced. The caregiving role undertaken by these women does not appear to be sustainable under their current circumstances.     

晚清与“五四”小说变革同异论

晚清与“五四”小说变革虽有动机上的相近之处,却有性质上的不同.这导致晚清小说与“五四”小说出现了形态上的差别.晚清小说变革持续的时间、规模都超过“五四”,但却没有真正实现中国小说由古典向现代的转变,主要原因在于晚清小说变革是非自觉的文学变革.相比而言,“五四”小说变革的自觉性更强,也更注重文学自身的特征.晚清小说变革并非必然走向“五四”小说,它的变革路径与“五四”有很大不同,即基本保留古典小说模式,只是在内容上和形式上容纳一些新的思想、艺术因素.“五四”小说变革因历史背景、文化语境的特殊作用,找到了一条新的路径,这就是精神与艺术的一体化即“心理化”.通过“心理化”,“五四”小说最终实现了中国小说由古典向现代的转变.     

试析反身宾语句的生成机制

反身宾语句生成有两个方面的因素，一是“身心二分”的“心支配身”认知框架，二是主观移情。反身宾语句有较强的描写性和事件伴随性，主要出现于文艺语体中。     

群体性事件中的信息传播流程、节点与心理接受机制

群体性事件是转型期中国较为严重的社会问题,也是公民政治参与、权利救济的一种手段.在群体性事件的发生、发展、激化与平息的整个过程中,群体信息传播起着非常重要的作用,其传播流程大致经历"议论纷纷"的群体意识唤醒、"流言四起"的群体意识形成和"谣言惑众"的暴力行为发生三个阶段;在此期间,诸如暴力、权贵、女性等元素成为最能刺激群体、引起群众共鸣并激励民众参与的"信息节点",严重影响着事件的发展进程.群体心理的接受机制则表现为以正义感、成就感、自我替代为特征的主动参与动机,以成见与刻板印象为特征的群体意识心像和以焦虑、愤懑、激昂递进的情绪激化过程.     

Prevention of child abuse and neglect and improvements in child development

The aim of the study was to evaluate the implementation of a section in the Danish Social Assistance Act which encourages local authorities to offer families services in order to support children at risk of child maltreatment. The specific purpose of the present paper is to answer the question: Will the socio‐psychological development of children known to social services be improved when abuse and neglect are reduced? A sample of 1,138 children was drawn at random from new social services cases starting in 1998. Subsequently, about 80 per cent were evaluated by local caseworkers on the basis of a standardised questionnaire covering a period of four years. The most damaging family conditions seemed to be psychological maltreatment, physical/sexual abuse and neglect. Maltreated children were more often in a depressed state, unhappy, socially isolated, or they had an eating disorder, inadequate or under‐nutrition, suicidal tendencies, lack of concentration, or disturbed behaviour, compared to those children who were not exposed to abuse and neglect. If parental behaviour improved, effects on children's well‐being were also observed and positive changes in children's socio‐psychological development were identified. The questionnaire explored the impact of various interventions, including services geared to strengthen the child's network, but results indicated that the child displayed reduced risk of reactive symptoms only when parental behaviour improved and abuse and neglect were reduced. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

以宽恕促进和谐:恢复性会议的教育学启示

20世纪90年代教育学界才真正将宽恕纳入研究范畴。成熟的宽恕在对话中完成,但目前的研究缺乏相应的实践性探讨。本文将恢复性会议过程中的宽恕实践,作为促进社会和谐方法,通过对恢复性会议的由来、结构、过程、肯尼亚学校师生冲突案例的研究,得出多方面的心理学启示。尽管中国文化并不存在真正的宽恕传统,恢复性会议的适用对象和效果也是有限,但仍为研究和谐心理提供了一条新思路。     

The Reparative Motive in Surrogate Mothers

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the motivations of surrogate mothers, with a focus on the underlying reparative motive. An overview of the typical surrogate's characteristics and personality, the theoretical underpinnings of the reparative motive, and the tension between reparation and loss in the surrogate are considered. Clinical material from psychological evaluations of women pursuing a surrogate pregnancy is presented to illustrate.